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	<title>Social movements &#8211; To Archeio</title>
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		<title>Urban planning and revolt: a spatial analysis of the December 2008 uprising in Athens</title>
		<link>https://toarcheio.org/items/urban-planning-and-revolt-a-spatial-analysis-of-the-december-2008-uprising-in-athens/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[apostolos]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 23:24:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://toarcheio.org/items/urban-planning-and-revolt-a-spatial-analysis-of-the-december-2008-uprising-in-athens/</guid>

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		<title>The Right to the City&#8217; in Athens during a crisis era. Between inversion, assimilation and going beyond</title>
		<link>https://toarcheio.org/items/the-right-to-the-city-in-athens-during-a-crisis-era-between-inversion-assimilation-and-going-beyond/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[apostolos]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 23:24:34 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://toarcheio.org/items/the-right-to-the-city-in-athens-during-a-crisis-era-between-inversion-assimilation-and-going-beyond/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Ever since the book of Henri Lefebvre “The right to the city” was published in 1968 it served as a great inspiration for several scholars, researchers, academics and activists. Being the point of departure for various urban movements, it contributed to a wave of resistance and destabilization of sovereignty in many parts of the western &#8230; <a href="https://toarcheio.org/items/the-right-to-the-city-in-athens-during-a-crisis-era-between-inversion-assimilation-and-going-beyond/">Continued</a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ever since the book of Henri Lefebvre “The right to the city” was published in 1968 it served as a great inspiration for several scholars, researchers, academics and activists. Being the point of departure for various urban movements, it contributed to a wave of resistance and destabilization of sovereignty in many parts of the western world during the turbulent decades of the 60s and 70s. While it has become extremely popular or even fashionable, it often appears detached from its original meaning. Various forms of sovereignty used its revolutionary and innovative rhetoric in an attempt to grand radical contexts in their political agendas. Forty five years after the first publication of Lefebvre’s book, the Athenian metropolis, a city in the (epi)center of the crisis turmoil, is governed by a municipal authority party that goes under the name of “Right to the City”. The party adopted much of Lefebvre’s revolutionary rhetoric, such as “the city as oeuvre”, in order to form its political agenda and win the municipal elections of 2010 and 2014. Ever since, a political program is applied based on a rather distorted interpretation of “the right to the city”. In this chapter two approaches of “The right to the city” (‘TRTTC’ from now on) will be confronted. On the one hand the Lefebvrian notion of the 1960s and on the other hand Kaminis’ (the Athens mayoral candidate) appropriation of 2010 and 2014. The first approach is considered as an effort to introduce the Marxian thought in spatial thinking in order to contribute to the emerging emancipatory movements, and the second as a fine example of distortion of contexts in favor of gaining power and promoting neoliberal policies. In this direction, we unfold the political program of Kaminis and examine its applications versus its title and theoretical context. By examining urban policies and tactics that are applied under the cloak of “TRTTC” and form the everyday life in Athens we intend to demonstrate that divisions between form and content can often lead to the complete inversion of primal meanings. By lifting the veil of propaganda it becomes visible that the assimilation of radical contexts on behalf of municipal authority does not lead to emancipatory urban policies but aims to cover up sovereignty. Bringing to surface neo-interpretations of Lefebvre’s analysis, though, does not only enlighten the subversion of the original notions or highlight them as stolen contexts from sovereignty. In fact, not only is it a great opportunity to explore once again and rethink what Lefebvre was teaching and writing during the 60s but also a motive to question, think beyond and challenge it in the contemporary contexts of urban uprisings and revolts. Inspired by the work of several radical scholars like Harvey, de Souza or Pasquinelli we make an argument on the perspectives beyond the Lefebvrian notion and an attempt to approach Athens as an emerging rebel city. During the crisis years various struggles and acts of solidarity have been taking place in the city area, thus several spaces of resistance and commoning have emerged. In this regard, we deal with the transition from demanding the city to occupying the city as a contemporary space of resistance.</p>
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		<title>Urban Conflicts</title>
		<link>https://toarcheio.org/items/urban-conflicts/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[apostolos]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 23:24:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://toarcheio.org/items/urban-conflicts/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Κρατάτε στα χέρια σας μια συλλογή από κείμενα που παρουσιάστηκαν στο εργαστήριο «Συναντήσεις και συγκρούσεις στην πόλη της κρίσης» από τον Απρίλιο του 2013 ως τον Ιούνιο του 2014 στην αίθουσα ‘Θουκυδίδης Βαλεντής’ της Αρχιτεκτονικής σχολής του ΑΠΘ. Η ιδέα για τη σύσταση του εργαστηρίου προέκυψε από υποψήφιες και υποψήφιους διδάκτορες της σχολής και σκοπός &#8230; <a href="https://toarcheio.org/items/urban-conflicts/">Continued</a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Κρατάτε στα χέρια σας μια συλλογή από κείμενα που παρουσιάστηκαν στο εργαστήριο «Συναντήσεις και συγκρούσεις στην πόλη της κρίσης» από τον Απρίλιο του 2013 ως τον Ιούνιο του 2014 στην αίθουσα ‘Θουκυδίδης Βαλεντής’ της Αρχιτεκτονικής σχολής του ΑΠΘ. Η ιδέα για τη σύσταση του εργαστηρίου προέκυψε από υποψήφιες και υποψήφιους διδάκτορες της σχολής και σκοπός του εργαστηρίου ήταν η δημιουργία μιας σειράς ανοιχτών συζητήσεων, παρουσιάσεων και διαλέξεων για την πόλη και το χώρο στην εποχή της τρέχουσας κοινωνικής και οικονομικής κρίσης. Στη συγκυρία αυτή αναγνωρίσαμε την έλλειψη τέτοιων πεδίων συζήτησης εντός του πανεπιστημίου και τη συρρίκνωση των ήδη υπαρχόντων. Βρήκαμε κρίσιμη πια, όχι μόνο την προώθηση της ακαδημαϊκής γνώσης και έρευνας, αλλά και τη φυσική και πνευματική μας επιβίωση. Προσπαθήσαμε έτσι, να προσεγγίσουμε τις διδακτορικές μας διατριβές ως συλλογική δουλειά, μέσα από τη συνάντηση, τον διάλογο και την κυκλοφορία της γνώσης, με την ελπίδα να αναδυθούν και να συζητηθούν περιεχόμενα και εργασίες που συχνά αποτελούν μοναχικές δουλειές κλειδωμένες σε βιβλιοθήκες και ηλεκτρονικούς υπολογιστές. Θεωρήσαμε καίρια την επικοινωνία των υποψήφιων διδακτόρων τόσο μεταξύ τους όσο και με τους προπτυχιακούς φοιτητές, ενώ παράλληλα κρίναμε απαραίτητη τη δικτύωση με ερευνητές εκτός συνόρων. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, αναγνωρίσαμε τη διεπιστημονικότητα ως ένα απαραίτητο στοιχείο του εργαστηρίου απέναντι στον κατακερματισμό της γνώσης και την περιχαράκωση των επιστημονικών ειδικοτήτων. Απέναντι στην ιδιωτικοποιημένη και εμπορευματοποιημένη πανεπιστημιακή γνώση αλλά και στην επιδιωκόμενη ηγεμονία των νεοφιλελεύθερων πολιτικών, αναζητήσαμε εκείνα τα ριζοσπαστικά επιστημολογικά εργαλεία παραγωγής γνώσης που ενθαρρύνουν τις κινήσεις για κοινωνική χειραφέτηση. Έτσι, μας ενδιέφερε να θέσουμε υπό συζήτηση κριτικά επιστημολογικά εργαλεία για την μελέτη των χωρικών εκφράσεων της κρίσης σε πολλαπλές κλίμακες. Συνεπώς θεωρούμε πως σήμερα είναι ιδιαίτερα κρίσιμη η ανάδειξη, κυκλοφορία και εμβάθυνση σε κριτικές προσεγγίσεις καθώς και η διασύνδεσή τους με κοινωνικούς αγώνες. Μέσα από τις παρουσιάσεις και τις συζητήσεις του εργαστηρίου αναδύθηκαν προσεγγίσεις και επιστημολογικά εργαλεία όπως αυτά, της διαλεκτικής κριτικής θεωρίας του χώρου, της διαθεματικότητας, των πολιτισμικών και μεταποικιοκρατικών προσεγγίσεων. Ταυτόχρονα, οι συζητήσεις καταδύθηκαν σε πλήθος θεματικών με την διάσταση του χώρου να διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο. Συζητήθηκαν έτσι, ζητήματα σχετικά με τις σύγχρονες νεοφιλελεύθερες χωρικές πολιτικές, τα κοινωνικά και πολιτισμικά κινήματα, τις γεωγραφίες της μετανάστευσης, τον ρόλο του κράτους και του έθνους και το αστικό περιβάλλον. Στοχεύοντας τόσο στην διεπιστημονικότητα όσο και στην επικοινωνία με ερευνητές και ερευνήτριες από άλλες περιοχές ή χώρες, επιδιώξαμε οι συμμετέχουσες και συμμετέχοντες του εργαστηρίου να προέρχονται κάθε φορά από διάφορα επιστημονικά πεδία όπως αυτά της αρχιτεκτονικής, της πολεοδομίας, της χωροταξίας και της περιφερειακής ανάπτυξης, της γεωγραφίας, της αρχαιολογίας, της κοινωνιολογίας, της ανθρωπολογίας, της ζωγραφικής/visual arts, των πολιτικών, νομικών και οικονομικών επιστημών και της παιδαγωγικής. Τα μεγαλύτερο μέρος των συνολικά 57 παρουσιάσεων βρίσκεται σε αυτή τη συλλογή. Ο τόμος προσπαθώντας να οργανώσει τις παραπάνω συζητήσεις χωρίζεται σε πέντε θεματικές ενότητες: Ι. Χωρικές πολιτικές και πρακτικές εξουσίας, και ελέγχου, ΙΙ. Σώμα, φύλο και σεξουαλικότητα στον αστικό χώρο, ΙΙΙ. Η διαχείριση της τέχνης και της μνήμης, ΙV. Γεωγραφίες της μετανάστευσης και αμφισβητούμενοι τόποι, V. Κοινός Χώρος και κοινωνικά κινήματα πόλης και περιφέρειας Το εργαστήριο ξεκίνησε από τους υποψήφιους διδάκτορες Βάσω Μακρυγιάννη, Ορέστη Πάγκαλο, Χάρη Τσαβδάρογλου και Ειρήνη Ωραιοπούλου και σήμερα συμμετέχουν οι Κώστας Αθανασίου, Ελένη Βασδέκη, Ελίνα Καπετανάκη, Μαρία Καραγιάννη, Ματίνα Καψάλη, Βάσω Μακρυγιάννη, Φωτεινή Μάμαλη, Ορέστης Πάγκαλος, Χάρης Τσαβδάρογλου. Ακόμη βοήθησαν με τη συμβολή τους η Εύη Αθανασίου, η Λία Γυιόκα, ο Δημήτρης Κωτσάκης και η Σάσα Λαδά. Θέλουμε να ευχαριστήσουμε όλες και όλους όσους συμμετείχαν και βοήθησαν στην πραγματοποίηση των συναντήσεων. Κλείνοντας, νιώθουμε την ανάγκη να αναφερθούμε, έστω και σύντομα, στον χώρο στον οποίo τα σεμινάρια έλαβαν χώρα αλλά φυσικά και στον χώρο σε σχέση με τον οποίο επιλέξαμε και επιδιώξαμε συνειδητά ως εργαστήριο να τοποθετούμαστε εντός, εκτός και εναντίον. Στην πρόσφατη ιστορία του ο χώρος του Πανεπιστημίου αποτέλεσε εύφορο πεδίο συλλογικών χειραφετικών χειρονομιών, κοινωνικών αγώνων και ριζοσπαστικών πειραμάτων αυτοοργάνωσης της παραγωγής της γνώσης. Ωστόσο, τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες  επιταχύνεται η αναδιάρθρωση του Πανεπιστημίου μέσα από την επιβολή νεοφιλελεύθερων πολιτικών σε κάθε επίπεδο της λειτουργίας του, από τους τρόπους συλλογικοποίησης μέχρι τα προγράμματα σπουδών, από τους απλήρωτους ερευνητές και ερευνήτριες, μέχρι τις απολυμένες εργαζόμενες και εργαζόμενους, τη συρρίκνωση του διδακτικού προσωπικού και την αλλαγή των σπουδών προς κατευθύνσεις που απορρίπτουν κριτικές προσεγγίσεις και ευθυγραμμίζονται με τις επιταγές της αγοράς. Στον καιρό της κρίσης, η νεοφιλελευθεροποίηση του δημόσιου Πανεπιστημίου φαίνεται να εντείνεται ακόμα περισσότερο. Απέναντι σε αυτή τη συνθήκη βλέπουμε να αναπτύσσονται δυναμικές αντιστάσεις σε πολλές γωνιές του κόσμου, με κοινωνικούς αγώνες εντός των πανεπιστημιακών χώρων που εμπνέονται, μαθαίνουν, επικοινωνούν και συνδέονται με κινήματα εκτός αυτών. Σε αυτό το τοπίο, εξακολουθούμε να βλέπουμε τις εργασίες μας ως ένα μέσο προώθησης και επικοινωνίας της κριτικής σκέψης και τα πανεπιστήμια ως ένα ζωντανό ανοιχτό εργαστήριο, ως τόπο και αφετηρία συνάντησης. Θεσσαλονίκη, Ιούνιος 2015</p>
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		<title>Urban and Regional Social Movements</title>
		<link>https://toarcheio.org/items/urban-and-regional-social-movements/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[apostolos]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 23:24:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://toarcheio.org/items/urban-and-regional-social-movements/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The multilingual and interdisciplinary book Urban and Regional Social Movements includes 21 texts that explore theoretical issues of movement processes or focus on examining movements which have been developed in Greece and internationally (Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, India, Italy, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Turkey). It is a book that aims at being constantly “under construction” and as a &#8230; <a href="https://toarcheio.org/items/urban-and-regional-social-movements/">Continued</a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The multilingual and interdisciplinary book Urban and Regional Social Movements includes 21 texts that explore theoretical issues of movement processes or focus on examining movements which have been developed in Greece and internationally (Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, India, Italy, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Turkey). It is a book that aims at being constantly “under construction” and as a consequence “alive”, up-to-date and dynamic. Hence the blog https://aoratespoleis.wordpress.com/ was also created which will be regularly updated with new links, studies and news from various urban and regional movements around the world. The book argues that urban and regional movements are interrelated as the regional movements are directly associated with the resistance to the looting and/or destruction of the natural commons in the name of serving a dominant uneven urban lifestyle. Thus, there is a feedback between the practices of social movements related to regional planning issues or simply to the exploitation and management of natural resources with these of urban movements. During the last years the discussion on the urban and regional social movements has been enriched with the notion of the so-called Common Space as an interpretative approach to the recent protests, riots and uprisings shortly before and during the current global and local crisis. At the same time, the easier, faster and in a wider – often global – scale dissemination of the information about the burst and the demands of the movements, through the contemporary alternative networks of information and action, underlines the emergence of new forms of communication which will be most likely these of the movements of the 21st century. Finally, the new urban and regional movements in which this book is interested are autonomous, massive and creative. They put themselves beyond a mere denial and confrontation to get in a collective creation and in radical changes of the space and everyday life.</p>
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		<title>Uni-Conflicts in spaces of crisis: Critical approaches in, against and beyond the University</title>
		<link>https://toarcheio.org/items/uni-conflicts-in-spaces-of-crisis-critical-approaches-in-against-and-beyond-the-university/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[apostolos]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 23:24:30 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://toarcheio.org/items/uni-conflicts-in-spaces-of-crisis-critical-approaches-in-against-and-beyond-the-university/</guid>

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		<title>The Newcomers’ Right to the Common Space: The case of Athens during the refugee crisis</title>
		<link>https://toarcheio.org/items/the-newcomers-right-to-the-common-space-the-case-of-athens-during-the-refugee-crisis/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[apostolos]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 23:24:29 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://toarcheio.org/items/the-newcomers-right-to-the-common-space-the-case-of-athens-during-the-refugee-crisis/</guid>

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		<title>Contested Borderscapes, Transnational Geographies vis-à-vis Fortress Europe</title>
		<link>https://toarcheio.org/items/contested-borderscapes-transnational-geographies-vis-a-vis-fortress-europe/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[apostolos]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 23:24:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://toarcheio.org/items/contested-borderscapes-transnational-geographies-vis-a-vis-fortress-europe/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In 2016, Oxford English Dictionary declared “post-truth” the word of the year. In this Orwellian moment, the movement of refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants across the increasingly militarised borders of Europe have instigated a socio-spatial debate about the limits of human rights, national sovereignties, continental values, precipitating and contributing to the ongoing condition of European &#8230; <a href="https://toarcheio.org/items/contested-borderscapes-transnational-geographies-vis-a-vis-fortress-europe/">Continued</a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In 2016, Oxford English Dictionary declared “post-truth” the word of the year. In this Orwellian moment, the movement of refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants across the increasingly militarised borders of Europe have instigated a socio-spatial debate about the limits of human rights, national sovereignties, continental values, precipitating and contributing to the ongoing condition of European crises. Although in the era of globalisation borders constitute porous passages for capital and commodities, at the same time they have hardened and ossified as “new enclosures” seeking to immobilise migrant and refugee populations. Fortress Europe emerges as a complex of new state control mechanisms, freshly erected border fences, newly built detention centres and improvised refugee camps; together, these technologies of migration management aim at the criminalisation, classification, stigmatisation, and biopolitical control of moving populations, fomented by xenophobic politics, and managed by humanitarian subcontractors. In this hostile climate, people on the move contest European border regimes, peripheries, and cityscapes by claiming spatial justice and political visibility while creating a nexus of emerging common spaces. They are joined by activists defending their right to movement, who are engaged in efforts to “welcome refugees” into a shrinking and contested public sphere, into alternative and self-organised social spaces, responding to the humanitarian crises wrought by militarism, violence, and structural adjustment with solidarity, stemming from a larger vision of sharing in each other’s struggles for survival and social transformation.</p>
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		<title>“Refugee tv” and “Refugees got talent” projects. Affective and decolonial geographies of invisible common spaces</title>
		<link>https://toarcheio.org/items/refugee-tv-and-refugees-got-talent-projects-affective-and-decolonial-geographies-of-invisible-common-spaces/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[apostolos]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 23:24:27 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://toarcheio.org/items/refugee-tv-and-refugees-got-talent-projects-affective-and-decolonial-geographies-of-invisible-common-spaces/</guid>

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		<title>Reimagining a transnational right to the city: No Border actions and commoning practices in Thessaloniki</title>
		<link>https://toarcheio.org/items/reimagining-a-transnational-right-to-the-city-no-border-actions-and-commoning-practices-in-thessaloniki/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[apostolos]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 23:24:26 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://toarcheio.org/items/reimagining-a-transnational-right-to-the-city-no-border-actions-and-commoning-practices-in-thessaloniki/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Although there is extensive literature on State migration policies and NGO activities, there are few studies on the common struggles between refugees and local activists. This article aims to fill this research gap by focusing on the impact of the transnational No Border camp that took place in Thessaloniki in 2016. The border region of &#8230; <a href="https://toarcheio.org/items/reimagining-a-transnational-right-to-the-city-no-border-actions-and-commoning-practices-in-thessaloniki/">Continued</a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Although there is extensive literature on State migration policies and NGO activities, there are few studies on the common struggles between refugees and local activists. This article aims to fill this research gap by focusing on the impact of the transnational No Border camp that took place in Thessaloniki in 2016. The border region of northern Greece, with its capital Thessaloniki, is at the heart of the so-called refugee crisis and it is marked by a large number of solidarity initiatives. After the sealing of the “Balkan corridor”, the Greek State relocated thousands of refugees into isolated and inappropriate camps on the outskirts of Thessaloniki. Numerous local and international initiatives, with the participation of refugees from the camps, self-organized a transnational No Border camp in the city center that challenged State policies. By claiming the right to the city, activists from all over Europe, together with refugees, built direct-democratic assemblies and organized a multitude of direct actions, demonstrations, and squats that marked the city’s social body with spatial disobedience and transnational commoning practices. Here, activism emerges as an important field of research and this article aims to contribute to activists’ literature on migration studies after 2015. The article is based on militant research and inspired by the Lefebvrian right to the city, the autonomy of migration, and common space approaches. The right to the city refers to the rights to freedom, socialization, and habitation, but also to the right to reinvent and change the city. It was recently enhanced by approaches on common spaces and the way these highlight the production of spaces based on solidarity, mutual help, common care, and direct democracy. The main findings of this study point to how the struggle of migrants when crossing physical and social borders inspires local solidarity movements for global networking and opens up new possibilities to reimagine and reinvent transnational common spaces.</p>
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		<title>Surplus citizens struggle and nationalism in the Greek crisis</title>
		<link>https://toarcheio.org/items/surplus-citizens-struggle-and-nationalism-in-the-greek-crisis/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[apostolos]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 23:24:25 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://toarcheio.org/items/surplus-citizens-struggle-and-nationalism-in-the-greek-crisis/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The crisis in Greece has elicited the full spectrum of responses &#8211; from optimism for a left parliamentary politics inspired by Syriza&#8217;s electoral victory, to pessimism about the intransigence of the EU and calls for the reinstatement of full national sovereignty in Europe. In Surplus Citizens, Dimitra Kotouza questions the terms of the debate by &#8230; <a href="https://toarcheio.org/items/surplus-citizens-struggle-and-nationalism-in-the-greek-crisis/">Continued</a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The crisis in Greece has elicited the full spectrum of responses &#8211; from optimism for a left parliamentary politics inspired by Syriza&#8217;s electoral victory, to pessimism about the intransigence of the EU and calls for the reinstatement of full national sovereignty in Europe. In Surplus Citizens, Dimitra Kotouza questions the terms of the debate by demonstrating how the national framing of social contestation posed obstacles to transformative collective action, but also how this framing has been challenged. Analysing the increasing superfluousness of subordinate classes in Greece as part of a global phenomenon with racialised and gendered dimensions, the book interrogates the strengths, contradictions and limits of collective action and identity in the crisis, from the movement of the squares and neighbourhood assemblies, to new forms of labour activism, environmental struggles, immigrant protests, anti-fascism and pro-refugee activism. Arguing against the strategic fixation on unified identities and pointing instead to the transformative potential of internal dispute within movements, Surplus Citizens highlights the relevance of a discussion of Greece to collective action beyond it, as we continue to traverse a global financial crisis that has provoked conflicts over nationalism, immigration and the rise of neo-fascism.</p>
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